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Many departments of the University conduct examinations and research commissioned by external entities, with methods and fees varying depending on the requested collaboration. Research activities, analyses, controls, calibrations, tests, experiments, and measurements can be performed on materials, devices, products, and structures of interest to the client. University facilities can also provide consultancy services, as well as activities funded or co-funded by external entities.

Third-party activities are defined by a specific "Regulation for activities carried out by the University of Padua under contracts or agreements with public or private entities." This regulation also governs non-curricular training activities, clinical activities in the veterinary field, and the transfer of research results.

Research and service activities are carried out under contracts or agreements stipulated by the University of Padua's facilities, compatible with the primary educational and scientific function. Contracts must include the designation of the scientific director or operational coordinator of the activities (who must be University employees), a plan of activities including the list of participants, and a financial plan.

The contract may vary based on the different types of relationships. Contracts that follow the templates already approved by the Board of Directors are approved by the collegiate bodies of the autonomously or centrally managed facilities performing the service and are signed by the heads of those facilities. Contracts pertaining to Central Administration are approved and signed by the Director General or their Delegate.

The amount of compensation/funding is determined based on the template schemes. All contracts that do not adhere to a template scheme must be approved by the Board of Directors.

The contract may not contain clauses that allow the use of the name or distinctive marks of the University of Padua for advertising purposes, whose potential use must be approved by the Board of Directors and the Academic Senate.

Contracts may be subject to VAT or not. VAT-relevant contracts are those that involve the University's services in exchange for compensation, where the University is obligated to provide a service, and where the results of the research activity are subject to an agreement between the University and the company, and can be acquired within the legal and patrimonial sphere of the counterpart. These contracts entail the issuance of an invoice.

Non-VAT-relevant contracts, on the other hand, are those involving activities carried out in collaboration with third parties, where there is no compensation but costs and expenses incurred for performing the activities are recognized. For these contracts, reporting is generally required.

The University of Padua can also participate in temporary associations aimed at conducting educational, research activities, or activities falling within its institutional purposes. Participation is defined through a specific regulation.